Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Section 1: Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur
Section 2: Reactions in Which a Solid Forms
- precipitation: a process when a chemical reaction is the formation of a solid
- precipitate: a solid that forms
- precipitation reaction: the reaction
- strong electrolyte: substance that completely breaks apart into ions when dissolved in water
- soluble solid: solid that readily dissolves in water; the solid disappears as the ions are dispersed in water
- insoluble (slightly soluble) solid: a solid where such a tiny amount dissolves in water that it is undetectable with the naked eye
Section 3: Describing Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
- molecular equation: shows the overall reaction but not necessarily the actual forms of the reactants and products in solution
- complete ionic equation: represents all reactants and products that are strong electrolytes as ions; all reactants and products are included
- spectator ions: ions that do not participate directly in a reaction in solution
- net ionic equation: includes only those components that undergo a change; spectator ions are not included
Section 4: Reactions That Form Water: Acids and Bases
- acid
- strong acid
- base
- strong base
- salt
Section 5: Reactions of Metals with Nonmetals (Oxidation-Reduction)
- oxidation-reduction reaction
Section 6: Ways to Classify Reactions
- single-displacement reaction: one element/compound replaces another one; note only a cation can replace a cation and an anion can only replace an anion
- double-displacement reaction: elements/compounds switches partner to form 2 new compound
- acid-base reaction: in the reactant, there must be both an acid(H) and a base(OH)
Section 7: Other Ways to Classify Reactions
- combustion reaction: always look for in the reactant a carbon source and oxygen gas and in the product CO2
- synthesis (combination) reaction: adding elements and/or compounds to form a new single compound
- decomposition reaction: breaking a compound into simpler parts
- precipitation reaction: formation of a solid when two or more aqueous solution are combined